DISSEMINATED PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Abstract
Relevance.The present study is aimed at reviewing the clinical, radiological and immunological features of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection. Amid the growing HIV pandemic/AIDS and the global burden of tuberculosis, this combination poses a serious threat to public health and requires a systematic approach to diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Materials and methods of the study.The article presents generalized data from clinical observations, epidemiological reports of the World Health Organization, as well as the results of scientific research published in the databases PubMed, Scopus and RSCI. Research results. A comparative analysis of the management tactics of patients with HIV/TB coinfection was carried out. It has been established that disseminated tuberculosis develops mainly in patients with severe immunodeficiency (CD4 <200 cells/µl). The clinical picture is atypical, and diagnosis requires the use of modern molecular and imaging techniques. Complex therapy, including antiretroviral drugs and anti-tuberculosis drugs, significantly improves the prognosis, but the mortality rate remains high. Conclusion. Early diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of disseminated tuberculosis in HIV-infected people are key factors in reducing mortality and improving the quality of life of patients. Further research is needed to optimize treatment regimens and prevention programs.
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