ANALYSIS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM CONDITION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE SAMARKAND REGION

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious issue in modern healthcare. Numerous studies conducted over the past ten years have shown that the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increases even with a slight decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and continues to rise as CKD progresses, reaching its peak at the terminal stage. The risk of cardiovascular pathology in CKD patients increases as GFR declines, and mortality associated with this condition significantly exceeds the overall population mortality rate. The prolonged course of CKD often leads to secondary changes in the cardiovascular system, including dystrophic changes in the myocardium, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, electrolyte imbalances, and conduction and rhythm disturbances. All these processes contribute to the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Objective. To study the structural and functional changes in the cardiovascular system in patients with CKD at different stages of the disease. Materials and methods. To achieve the research objectives, objective, subjective, and laboratory-instrumental methods were used, along with Doppler echocardiography (EchoCG) in 100 patients who underwent examination and treatment at Samarkand City Hospital from 2022 to 2023. Results. Laboratory test analysis revealed decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the blood. Echocardiographic studies were conducted on 100 patients to assess structural changes in the heart and their severity at various stages of CKD. The study examined key EchoCG parameters characterizing heart structures, including left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular myocardial mass, and the condition of the heart valve apparatus. Conclusion. The results of our study indicate that anemia plays a significant role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, which are highly prevalent in CKD patients. A consistent correlation was found between the frequency, nature, and severity of left ventricular remodeling and the decrease in GFR.