NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETICS

Abstract

This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of neurological complications in diabetes mellitus, particularly focusing on diabetic neuropathy. The study systematically examines the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and contemporary treatment methods associated with this condition. It is well-established that diabetic neuropathy is among the most prevalent and debilitating neurological complications affecting the quality of life and work capacity of patients with diabetes. Based on modern scientific literature, practical observations, and statistical data, the article explores the etiopathogenetic mechanisms contributing to the development of diabetic neuropathy. These include chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, and microcirculation disorders. The article also discusses the various clinical types of neuropathy, including distal symmetric polyneuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, mononeuropathy, radiculopathy, and diabetic amyotrophy, along with their diagnostic and therapeutic principles. The early detection of diabetic neuropathy and implementation of a multidisciplinary, comprehensive treatment strategy are emphasized as essential for preserving patients’ quality of life. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of stable glycemic control, metabolic balance restoration, the introduction of screening programs, and the use of antioxidants, neuroprotective agents, and medications for neuropathic pain as part of modern therapeutic approaches. The conclusions drawn from the study have significant practical relevance for healthcare systems, providing guidance for the prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment of neurological complications associated with diabetes. Combining theoretical insights with applied recommendations, this research serves as a valuable methodological and scientific foundation for further studies in the field.