ASSOCIATION OF THE Gln27Glu POLYMORPHISM OF THE β2-ADRENOCEPTOR GENE WITH LIPID METABOLISM FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Abstract

Relevance. Considering the key role of β₂-adrenoceptors in bronchodilation mechanisms, as well as their involvement in the regulation of metabolic processes, the analysis of genetic variants of the β₂-adrenoceptor gene is of particular importance for understanding the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, especially in the presence of concomitant metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia and obesity. Objective. To determine the association between the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β₂-adrenoceptor gene and lipid metabolism parameters in patients with bronchial asthma, taking obesity phenotype into account. Materials and Methods. The study included 81 patients with bronchial asthma. The diagnosis was established according to GINA criteria. The mean age of the patients was 42.5 ± 1.41 years, with a mean disease duration of 10.1 ± 0.73 years. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density and high-density lipoproteins, and atherogenic index were analyzed. Genotyping of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β₂-adrenoceptor gene was performed using PCR. Results. The highest total cholesterol level was observed in obese patients with the Gln27Gln genotype (6.44 ± 0.17 mmol/L), whereas in obese patients with the Gln27Glu genotype it was significantly lower (5.69 ± 0.16 mmol/L; p < 0.01). Similarly, LDL levels were highest in obese patients with the Gln27Gln genotype (3.91 ± 0.13 mmol/L), compared to those with the Gln27Glu genotype (p < 0.01). HDL levels were similar across all groups (1.19–1.51 mmol/L) without statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The atherogenic index was highest in the obese Gln27Gln group (4.45 ± 0.18), while in the Gln27Glu group it was significantly lower (3.29 ± 0.16; p < 0.001). Conclusion. The Gln27Gln genotype in the presence of obesity is associated with adverse lipid profile changes, including elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and atherogenic index, indicating an increased atherosclerotic risk in this patient group. Final Remark. The Gln27Gln genotype combined with obesity may serve as a potential marker of unfavorable prognosis characterized by lipid metabolism disturbances and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications.