COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS IN ADOLESCENTS AND WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE

Abstract

Relevance: The problem of teenage pregnancy retains its medical and social significance on a global scale. The gestational process in adolescence occurs against the background of physiological and psychosocial immaturity, which predisposes to the development of a wide range of obstetric and perinatal complications. A comparative analysis of the features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth in this age cohort is necessary for the development of targeted preventive measures. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the structure, frequency and nature of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant adolescents in comparison with women of optimal reproductive age. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the maternity hospital No. 3 in Samarkand. 190 medical records of women in labor were analyzed, which formed two groups: the main group (n=95) – patients aged 13-19 years and the control group (n=95) – women 20-30 years. Clinical and statistical methods of analysis were used to assess the significance of the differences (criterion χ2, Student's t-test at p<0.05). Results: A statistically significant prevalence of gestosis in the main group (33.7% vs. 18.9%; p<0.05), anemia of pregnant women (56.8% vs. 34.7%; p<0.01), premature birth (22.1% vs. 9.5%; p<0.05) and surgical delivery by cesarean section (37.9% vs. 22.1%; p<0.05). Perinatal outcomes in adolescents were characterized by a higher birth rate of children with low body weight (<2500 g) – 27.3% versus 9.5% (p<0.01) and reduced Apgar scores at 1 minute (36.8% versus 18.9%; p<0.05). Conclusions: Pregnancy in adolescence is a model of high reproductive risk, which is confirmed by a significant increase in the frequency of major obstetric and perinatal complications. The data obtained dictate the need to introduce differentiated protocols for follow-up of young pregnant women, providing for a multidisciplinary approach, enhanced monitoring of the fetoplacental system and active prevention of alimentary-dependent conditions.