YANGI TUG‘ILGAN CHAQALOQLARDA NEKROTIK ENTEROKOLIT HAQIDA ZAMONAVIY TUSHUNCHALAR
Abstrakt
Dolzarbligi. Nekrotik enterokolit (NEK) erta tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlarda kasallanish va o‘limning eng jiddiy sabablaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda. Neonatologiyada yutuqlarga qaramay, NEK chastotasi 1% dan 7% gacha, o‘lim darajasi 20-30% gacha, jarrohlik amaliyotida 40-60% gacha ko‘tariladi. Tana vazni juda kam bo‘lgan (<1500 g) erta tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlar NEK ga ko‘proq moyil bo‘lib, maxsus klinik monitoringni talab qiladi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi NEK xavf omillari, patogenezi va diagnostikasi haqidagi zamonaviy tushunchalarni umumlashtirish va konservativ va operativ davolash usullarining samaradorligini baholash. Materiallar va tadqiqot usullari. So‘nggi 15-20 yil ichida etakchi tibbiy jurnallarda chop etilgan 40 ta asar tahlil qilindi. Asosiy e’tibor NEK epidemiologiyasi, mikrobiomaning roli, ichak ishemiyasi va yallig‘lanish jarayonlari va jarrohlik taktikasiga yondashuvlarga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari. Erta tug‘ilish ichak harakatining zaiflashishiga, shilliq qavatning to‘siq funktsiyalarining buzilishiga va NEK rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shadigan disbiyozga olib kelishi aniqlandi. Rentgenografiya va ultratovush tekshiruvi dastlabki bosqichlarda xarakterli o‘zgarishlarni, shu jumladan pnevmatoz va teshilishni aniqlashga imkon beradi. Konservativ terapiya enteral ovqatlanishni vaqtincha to‘xtatish, infuzion yordam va antibiotik terapiyasini o‘z ichiga oladi. Teshilish bilan og‘ir shakllarda nekrotik joylarni rezektsiya qilish va stoma qoplamasi ko‘rsatiladi. Xulosalar. NEK diagnostika, davolash va oldini olish, shu jumladan emizish va probiyotik strategiyalardan foydalanish bo‘yicha keng qamrovli yondashuvni talab qiladi. Genetik moyillikni yanada o‘rganish va bashorat qilish usullarini optimallashtirish asoratlar xavfini kamaytirishi va erta tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlarning omon qolish darajasini oshirishi mumkin.
Nashr sanasi
Mualliflar haqida
Adabiyotlar ro'yxati
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