CONGENITAL BRONCHIAL ANOMALIES: ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS. ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH IN NEWBORNS

Abstract

Anomalies of the respiratory tract in newborns impact their primary physiological function—breathing, leading to respiratory diseases at an early age. Objective. To study the significance of environmental and genetic factors in the development of congenital bronchial anomalies. To conduct analysis and research on newborns. Materials and Methods. The study involved 40 patients with congenital bronchial anomalies and 20 newborns from the control group. Biopsy materials from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs were used. Environmental factors such as the newborns' region of birth and harmful substances in the atmosphere, including toxic compounds, were considered. Results and Discussion. Microscopic analysis of tissue samples revealed abnormal epithelial structures (green cells) in the trachea and bronchi. Infiltrates formed by lymphocytes and neutrophils, as well as epithelial lipid abnormalities, were identified. It was found that high concentrations of toxic substances and aerosols in the atmosphere of the studied region significantly increased the likelihood of congenital bronchial anomalies. For example, elevated levels of nitrogen oxides, ozone, aerosols, and toxic chemicals acting as environmental stress factors contributed to the development of these anomalies. Environmental analysis showed that an increase in the number of bronchial and tracheal anomalies correlated with high levels of air pollutants. Conclusion. Based on the results of the scientific analysis of congenital bronchial anomalies in newborns, the following conclusions were drawn: environmental factors, particularly the influence of harmful substances, aerosols, and toxic compounds, play a critical role in the development of congenital bronchial anomalies in newborns.