IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT METHODS FOR INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS AFTER COMPLEX TOOTH EXTRACTION
Abstract
Inflammatory complications following complex tooth extraction remain among the most common and clinically significant issues in outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgery. This review explores the etiology and pathogenesis of postoperative inflammation, the classification and clinical forms of complications, and current strategies for their prevention and treatment. Special attention is given to the analysis of the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches, including both traditional methods and innovative technologies such as photodynamic therapy, PRF/PRP, and laser applications. The article also provides recommendations on the standardization of clinical protocols, professional training, and promising directions for future research. The importance of a comprehensive, integrative approach is emphasized as the most effective strategy for reducing the incidence of postoperative inflammatory complications.
Keywords:
About the Authors
List of references
Kim SG, Oh JH, Hwang DS. Diagnostic considerations for complex extraction cases. In: Advanced Strategies for Tooth Extraction in Dentistry: Beyond Basics. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2024. p. 13–22.
Tunheim EG, Skallevold HE, Rokaya D. Role of hormones in bone remodeling in the craniofacial complex: A review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2023;13(2):210–7.
Niemiec BA. Extraction techniques. Top Companion Anim Med. 2008;23(2):97–105.
Lindahl O, Ventä I. Level of difficulty of tooth extractions among roughly 100,000 procedures in primary care. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(8):4513–20.
Dignam P, et al. Prevalence and factors influencing post‐operative complications following tooth extraction: A narrative review. Int J Dent. 2024;2024(1):7712829.
Chuang SK, et al. Risk factors for inflammatory complications following third molar surgery in adults. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66(11):2213–8.
Deliverska EG, Petkova M. Complications after extraction of impacted third molars: Literature review. J IMAB. 2016;22(3):1202–11.
Cho H, Lynham AJ, Hsu E. Postoperative interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after third molar surgery: Review of the current evidence. Aust Dent J. 2017;62(4):412–9.
McNeish JE, McNeish LW. Oral manifestations of systemic disease. In: Dental Science for the Medical Professional: An Evidence-Based Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2023. p. 309–20.
Galler KM, et al. Inflammatory response mechanisms of the dentine–pulp complex and the periapical tissues. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(3):1480.
Cheng Y, et al. Influence of inflammation on bleeding and wound healing following surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):83.
Al Eid RA. Efficacy of Commiphora myrrh mouthwash on early wound healing after tooth extraction: A randomized controlled trial. Saudi Dent J. 2021;33(1):44–54.
Kostares E, et al. Prevalence of fibrinolytic alveolitis following extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024;101810.
Laraki M, Chbicheb S, El Wady W. Alveolitis: review of the literature. Odonto-Stomatol Trop. 2012;35(139):19–25.
Mochalov I, et al. Identification of pathogenic microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics in cases of the odontogenic purulent periostitis and abscesses in the oral cavity. Prague Med Rep. 2023;124(1):16–32.
Izzatulloevna TM. The incidence of acute purulent periostitis in children of school age with a causative tooth and age. Uz Conf. 2025;1(3):806–10.
Yamashita J, et al. Effect of bisphosphonates on healing of tooth extraction wounds in infectious osteomyelitis of the jaw. Bone. 2021;143:115611.
Berezhnova TA, et al. The use of drug therapy in the treatment of abscesses and phlegmon of the face and neck. Med Sci Bull Cent Chernozemye. 2024;25(2):24–9.
Kamalova FR, Akhmedov II, UO N. Experience in the use of antibiotics in the treatment of abscess phlegmon of the maxillofacial area in children. J Adv Zool. 2023;44.
Lokes KP, et al. Analysis of methods of prevention of intra- and postoperative complications during tooth extraction. World Med Biol. 2024;2(88):231–6.
Sologova D, et al. Antibiotics efficiency in the infection complications prevention after third molar extraction: a systematic review. Dent J (Basel). 2022;10(4):72.
Mahardawi B, et al. The role of hemostatic agents after tooth extractions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2023;154(8):742–52.e1.
Nisi M, et al. Hemostatic agents for the management of bleeding risk associated with oral anticoagulant therapy following tooth extraction: A systematic review. Appl Sci. 2022;12(21):11017.
Ervolino E, et al. Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by butyl toluidine blue in preventing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in rats. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022;40:103172.
Larionova EV, et al. Laser-assisted tooth extraction in patients with impaired hemostasis. Biomedicine. 2021;11(2):47.
Dhanasekaran IIA, et al. A systematic review on the role of antibiotics and analgesics in systemically ill patients undergoing tooth extraction. Cureus. 2024;16(5).
Bassyoni L. Comparative effect of celecoxib, diclofenac, and ibuprofen in controlling postoperative pain, edema, and trismus after third molar extraction: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Cureus. 2024;16(2).
Zischke C, et al. The utility of physiotherapy assessments delivered by telehealth: a systematic review. J Glob Health. 2021;11:04072.
Egierska D, et al. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in oral surgery: a narrative review. Dent Med Probl. 2023;60(1):177–86.
Hajibagheri P, et al. The efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in post-extraction hard and soft tissue healing and associated complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis of split-mouth randomized clinical trials. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):1–17.
Javed A, et al. Topical antiseptics as systemic antibiotics in the prevention of alveolar osteitis after extraction of lower third molars. Pak Oral Dent J. 2017;37(4):531–7.
Almutairi BM. Dry sockets – a systemic review. Adv Life Sci. 2019;7(1):48–57.
Mancini A, et al. Piezosurgery in third molar extractions: a systematic review. J Pers Med. 2024;14(12):1158.
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.