YOSH BOLALARDA BRONXIAL OBSTRUKSIYA SINDROMI: KLINIK XUSUSIYATLARI, TASHHISLASH VA DAVOLASH
Abstrakt
Bronx-obstruktiv sindrom (BOS) bronxo’pka tizimning turli kasalliklarida uchraydigan eng keng tarqalgan simptom komplekslaridan biridir. Uning rivojlanishiga ko'plab omillar sabab bo'lishi mumkin, jumladan, nafas olish tizimining tug'ma va irsiy patologiyalari, bronxlar shakllanishidagi anomaliyalar, yangi tug'ilgan chaqaloqning respirator distress sindromi, birlamchi immunitet tanqisligi holatlari, yot jismlarning aspiratsiyasi, gastroezofagial reflyuks, timus giperplaziyasi, ko'krak ichidagi limfa tugunlarining kengayishi, o'sma jarayonlari va boshqa patologik holatlar. Bronxo-obstruktiv sindromning klinik ko'rinishi nafas chiqarishning uzoq davom etishi, ekspirator shovqinlarning paydo bo'lishi (xirillash), turli darajadagi nafas yetishmovchiligi, shuningdek, gipoksemiyaning belgilari, shu jumladan perioral yoki diffuz siyanoz bilan tavsiflanadi. Bronxo-obstruktiv sindromning diagnostikasi anamnestik ma'lumotlar, klinik belgilar, fizik tekshiruv natijalari, instrumental va laboratoriya tadqiqot usullarini har tomonlama tahlil qilishga asoslangan. Asosiy diagnostika usullari o'pka auskultatsiyasi, spirometriya parametrlarini baholash, puls oksimetriyasi, ko'krak qafasi rentgenogrammasi, bronxoskopiya va kerak bo'lganda nafas olish organlarining KT tekshiruvi. Bronxo-obstruktiv sindromni davolash keng qamrovli bo'lishi kerak va birinchi navbatda bronxlar obstruktsiyasini bartaraf etishga qaratiladi. Terapevtik taktikaga bronxodilatatorlar, mukolitiklar, yallig'lanishga qarshi vositalar va antibakterial preparatlar (infektsiya mavjud bo'lganda), shuningdek, og'ir gipoksiya holatlarida kislorodli terapiya kiradi. BOSning surunkali shakllarida ingalatsiya glyukokortikosteroidlar bilan, nafas olish yo'llarining anatomik anomaliyalari bo'lsa jarrohlik yoli bilan davolash mumkin. Bronxo-obstruktiv sindrom jiddiy klinik holat bo'lib, o'z vaqtida tashxis qo'yish va simptomlarni bartaraf etishga patologiyaning asosiy sababini bartaraf etishga qaratilgan yetarli davolanishni talab qiladi.
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