НАУЧНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ МЕДСЕСТРЫ В РАННЕМ ВЫЯВЛЕНИИ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ АНЕМИИ И ОЖИРЕНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Аннотация
Введение. Дети дошкольного возраста (1–5 лет) находятся на ключевом этапе формирования здоровья. Анемия и ожирение в этом возрасте оказывают влияние на рост, когнитивное развитие и иммунитет. Ранняя диагностика и профилактика данных состояний имеют приоритетное значение в системе общественного здравоохранения. Цель. Научно проанализировать эффективность профилактической деятельности медицинской сестры в раннем выявлении и предупреждении анемии и ожирения у детей дошкольного возраста. Материалы и методы. В анализ включено 150 публикаций (2000–2025 гг.), из которых 42 изучены подробно. Использованы базы данных Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed и Google Scholar. Применялись ключевые слова “Anemia”, “Obesity”, “Preschool children”, “Nurse-led interventions”, “Growth monitoring”, “Prevention”. Методология соответствовала рекомендациям PRISMA. Результаты и обсуждение
Непрерывный мониторинг роста (GMP) и участие медицинских сестёр в консультировании родителей доказали свою эффективность в снижении частоты анемии и ожирения у детей. Наиболее результативным оказался комплексный подход — рациональное питание, физическая активность и обучение родителей. Выводы. Медицинские сёстры играют центральную роль в раннем выявлении и профилактике анемии и ожирения у дошкольников. Научно обоснованные, интегрированные интервенции в семье и сообществе являются ключом к укреплению здоровья детей.
Ключевые слова:
Об авторах
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