CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON INFLAMMATORY BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES WITH AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Relevance. Inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity in children, particularly those under three years of age. The increasing incidence of bronchial obstruction, antibiotic resistance, and environmental pollution has elevated the clinical and public health significance of this issue. Aim. To explore modern aspects of pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapeutic approaches in children with inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases accompanied by airway obstruction. Materials and Methods. A review of current national and international literature was conducted, including data on the prevalence of bronchiolitis, acute bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia in early childhood, etiological factors (viral and bacterial agents), and recent advances in treatment strategies and clinical recommendations. Results. Respiratory viruses, particularly RSV, metapneumovirus, and coronavirus, remain the dominant etiological factors. The inflammatory process is closely associated with impaired mucociliary clearance, elevated proteolytic activity, and airway remodeling. Environmental pollutants and passive smoking exacerbate disease severity. Pathogenetically targeted therapy — including enzymatic airway sanitation and rational antibiotic use — plays a critical role in management. Conclusions. Early detection and comprehensive treatment of inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases in children reduce the risk of chronic airway remodeling and improve outcomes. Preventive strategies should focus on viral infection control, environmental health, and the development of pediatric rehabilitation programs.