Комплексная диагностика и прогностические аспекты нейроэндокринологических показателей при сочетанных острых черепно-мозговых травмах
Получена: 2025-12-27 17:38:08
Опубликована: 2026-02-27
Аннотация
Сочетанная острая черепно-мозговая травма вызывает непосредственное повреждение структур головного мозга и нарушает функционирование отдалённых органов в зависимости от тяжести травматического фактора. Нейроэндокринные нарушения при сочетанных острых черепно-мозговых травмах нередко остаются недодиагностированными, что приводит к развитию осложнений как в острой, так и в хронической фазах заболевания. Целью данного исследования являлся анализ современных научных данных о нейроэндокринологических показателях при сочетанных острых черепно-мозговых травмах для совершенствования протоколов ведения пациентов и повышения общей выживаемости. Были проанализированы научные публикации из открытых баз данных за последние пять лет. Установлено, что наиболее распространёнными нейроэндокринными состояниями после черепно-мозговых травм являются гипопитуитаризм, несахарный диабет, дисфункция гипоталамуса и когнитивные нарушения. Низкое артериальное давление (как системное, так и внутричерепное), анемия и гипоксия могут вызывать ишемические изменения в центральных эндокринных железах. В острой фазе сочетанных черепно-мозговых травм преобладают признаки дефицита соматотропного, гонадотропного и адренокортикотропного гормонов. Дефицит вазопрессина в острой фазе ассоциирован с повышенным риском развития отёка мозга, а дефицит окситоцина — с развитием нейродегенеративных патологий. Дифференциальная диагностика нейроэндокринных нарушений должна проводиться на основании анамнестических данных, а также биохимических и гормональных показателей пациента. Полученные данные подчёркивают важность своевременной диагностики нейроэндокринных нарушений наряду с неврологическими расстройствами при ведении пациентов с черепно-мозговыми травмами и могут использоваться как на этапе первичной диагностики, так и в процессе реабилитации.
Ключевые слова
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