BOLALARDA RESPIRATOR-SINTSITIAL VIRUS INFEKSIYASINING GLOBAL YUKLAMASI: ZAMONAVIY PEDIATRIYANING YUTUQLARI VA MUAMMOLARI
Abstrakt
Dolzarbligi. Respiratorno-sintsitsial virus (RSV) infeksiyasi chaqaloqlar va erta yoshdagi bolalarda uchraydigan o‘tkir respirator kasalliklarning yetakchi sabablaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda hamda butun dunyoda jiddiy tibbiy va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy muammo hisoblanadi. Yuqori yuqumchanlik, sezilarli mavsumiylik va yangi tug‘ilganlarda kasallikning og‘ir kechishi bolalar kasallanishi va o‘lim ko‘rsatkichlariga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Maqsad. Bolalarda RSV infeksiyasi muammosining zamonaviy holatini, uning epidemiologik, klinik va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy jihatlarini baholash, shuningdek profilaktika, diagnostika va terapiya sohasidagi yangi yutuqlarni — monoklonal antitanalar va vaksina platformalarining joriy etilishini — tahlil qilish. Materiallar va usullar. Biz 2019–2025 yillar davrini qamrab olgan mahalliy va xalqaro manbalar bo‘yicha analitik sharh o‘tkazdik. U Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) ma’lumotlarini, ko‘p markazli kohort va randomizatsiyalangan klinik tadqiqotlar natijalarini, shuningdek PubMed, Scopus va WHO Global RSV Surveillance kabi yetakchi ilmiy ma’lumotlar bazalarida chop etilgan meta-tahlillar va tizimli sharhlarni o‘z ichiga oldi. Natijalar. RSV infeksiyasi chaqaloqlar va erta yoshdagi bolalarda o‘tkir respirator kasalliklarning asosiy sabablaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda. JSST ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, har yili 33 milliondan ortiq holat qayd etiladi, ularning taxminan 3,6 millioni kasalxonaga yotqizishni talab qiladi va 100 minggacha holat o‘lim bilan tugaydi. Kasallikning asosiy og‘irligi hayotining dastlabki olti oyidagi bolalar orasida, ayniqsa muddatidan oldin tug‘ilganlar va tug‘ma yurak nuqsonlari yoki bronxopulmonal displaziyasi bo‘lgan bemorlarda kuzatiladi. So‘nggi yillarda profilaktika sohasida sezilarli yutuqlarga erishildi: uzoq muddatli passiv immunizatsiya preparati (nirsevimab), homilador ayollar uchun vaksinalar (Abrysvo, Arexvy) ro‘yxatdan o‘tkazildi hamda mRNK-vaksinalar ishlab chiqilmoqda. Ushbu yutuqlar kasallikning global yukini kamaytirish uchun yangi imkoniyatlar ochadi. Shunga qaramay, terapevtik yondashuvlar asosan simptomatikligicha qolmoqda, erta laborator diagnostika va tibbiy resurslardan oqilona foydalanish esa yanada takomillashtirishni talab etadi. Xulosa. RSV infeksiyasi yuqori yuqumchanlik, mavsumiylik va chaqaloqlarda asoratlarning og‘irligi bilan tavsiflanadigan muhim tibbiy-ijtimoiy muammodir. Epidemiologik nazoratni kuchaytirish, yuqori sezgir diagnostika usullarini joriy etish va emlash dasturlarini kengaytirish o‘lim va kasalxonaga yotqizish holatlarini kamaytirishning asosiy yo‘nalishlaridir. Vaksinologiya va monoklonal terapiya sohasidagi zamonaviy yutuqlar bolalar populyatsiyasining eng himoyasiz guruhlarini himoya qilishga qaratilgan kompleks profilaktik strategiyaning asosini yaratadi.
Nashr sanasi
Mualliflar haqida
Adabiyotlar ro'yxati
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